John R. Cohn is a physician and professor at Thomas Jefferson University. He is a member of the Board of Directors of Scholars for Peace in the Middle East.
http://www.philly.com/dailynews/opinion/20071109_An_Annapolis_media_guide.html
THE BALLYHOOED Mideast “peace conference” in Annapolis is approaching, and pundits are jumping in like players on a loose football. Here’s a guide to help readers follow it.
Peace: Dictionary.com defines it as “the normal, nonwarring condition of a nation, group of nations, or the world.”
Peace process: Defined as “the diplomatic and political efforts to negotiate a resolution to a conflict.” “Peace process” is not the same as peace.
Refugee: Defined as “a person who flees for refuge or safety, esp. to a foreign country, as in time of political upheaval, war, etc.”
The 1951 Convention Relating to the Status of Refugees: This U.N. document directs “That Governments continue to receive refugees in their territories… in order that these refugees may find asylum and the possibility of resettlement.” Israel resettled nearly 600,000 Jewish refugees from Arab countries, compared to the 472,000 Arabs that the U.N. mediator on Palestine said fled Israel in 1948. Nobody speaks of “Jewish refugees” since they have been resettled.
U.N. High Commissioner for Refugees (UNHCR): Helped resettle 50 million other refugees in the last five decades. The 1951 refugee convention states that it “does not apply to… refugees from Palestine who receive protection or assistance from the U.N. Relief and Works Agency for Palestine Refugees in the Near East (UNRWA).”
UNRWA: Boasts it “is unique in terms of its long-standing commitment to one group of refugees and its contributions to the welfare and human development of four generations of Palestine refugees.”
Its definition of a “refugee” also covers “descendants of persons who became refugees in 1948.” Resettlement is not part of “welfare and human development,” and those refugees and their descendants aren’t resettled by their protectors at UNRWA.
With friends like this, who needs enemies?: See UNRWA.
Madrid Conference: Part of the “peace process.” The U.S., under Secretary of State James Baker, the Soviet Union, European Community, Israel, Egypt, Syria, Lebanon, Jordan and the “Palestinians” met in Madrid in October 1991. The PLO leadership, including Yasir Arafat, was still in Tunis, and the administered territories were in a relative state of peace. Less than a decade later, Arafat’s war to destroy Israel, the “second intifada,” was underway, with death and destruction on both sides.
Israel Lobby: Alleged to control U.S. foreign policy by those who want to pressure Israel. There are no reports of riots, car bombings or beheadings of journalists by these “lobbyists,” yet they are said to exercise control over U.S. officials, including Republicans, despite Jewish voters’ traditional support of Democrats.
Palestine: A name given to a region of the Middle East. The Roman Empire, following the destruction of Judea, renamed the area Syria Palestina.
In 1517, it was conquered by the Turkish Ottomans, and, in 1917, the British took over the Palestinian Mandate from the defeated Turks. The British created out of the eastern 80 percent of the Palestine Mandate what is today Jordan, and the remainder was to be divided between Arabs and Jews.
In 1948, Israel accepted partition. Arab states invaded, other Arabs fled to get out of the way.
Palestinian lands: Whatever the speaker intends. There are no recognized international borders for this state that never existed.
Occupied territories: Arab Palestinians consider all the land west of the Jordan River, including Israel, to be occupied territory, “an indivisible part of the Arab homeland.” (See Hamas charter, Palestinian National Charter.)
Palestinians: A name formerly given to Jews of the region, it now refers to Arabs who are descendants of people who lived in the western 20 percent of the British mandate. They have repeatedly refused statehood for nearly 60 years since that also included self-determination for Jews and the continued existence of the state of Israel. *